The Importance of Sleep for College Students - 1617 Words

Sleep is a necessity of life, it is not an option, the human body needs it, but not many people know the importance of sleep. Sleep is important for the mind and body to function properly; it is required for survival (Global Sleep). According to the national sleep foundation, about 40 million American suffer from sleep disorders (NSF). Sleep deprivation affect woman more than man. Also, woman who work night shift are more likely to get less sleep than those who work morning shift; and have more difficulty conceiving. Studies show that insufficient sleep may lead to problems such as concentrating, making wise decisions and actions that are not safe, especially among college students (NSF). Most college students are deprived of sleep all the time due to many of thing such as: partying late, staying up late studying, procrastination, drugs, alcohol and poor sleep habits. Not getting enough sleep can play a big role when it comes to academic performances. Sleep is a major factor when it comes to college students; however, it is what college students lack the most. College students are among the most sleep deprived people in America; many college students do not sleep enough (CMW). When students do not get enough sleep at night, they usually have problem focusing in class, students tends to just fall asleep which leads to not paying attention. Some college students find themselves failing certain classes because they are either always missing class or sleeping inShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep On Health And Quality Of Life Through Prevention And Treatment Of Disease Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will show different sleep interventions that have been used among one of the most sleep deprived generations, college students. An intervention is a way to improve health and quality of life through prevention and treatment of disease and other physical and mental health conditions. 7 out of every 10 college students say that they get fewer than the suggested amount of sleep each night. While many students aren’t sleeping enough either, 68% of those student’s state that they have troubleRead MoreAcademic Success Videos : Sleep And The College Student967 Words   |  4 PagesVideos: Sleep and the College Student. Academic Success Videos: Sleep and the College Student. Dartmouth University, 22 July 2011. Web. 24 Feb. 2016. . This source was produced by The Media Production Group at Dartmouth and Dr. Carl P. Thum, Director of the Dartmouth Academic Skills Center. Carl Thum himself works with students at Dartmouth University in which he provides coaching for students suffering from ADD and also leads various workshops, mini-courses, and coaching sessions for students as wellRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance852 Words   |  4 Pagesexpand my knowledge concerning the importance of maintaining one’s health in order to optimize one’s quality of life. My educational experience at the University of Maryland has reemphasized the importance of health professionals attuning to their patients holistic health, such as their social, emotional, and physical well-being, instead of solely focusing on their disease status. One specific topic that affects the holistic health of undergraduate students is sleep deprivation. I am interested in thisRead MoreSleep Is Essential On A Daily Basis Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Sleep Importance Sleep is essential on a daily basis. It allows the body to rest and replenish itself for the next day. These days, lack of sleep is a result of people not taking sleep seriously or having a lightly thought about sleep. Our sleep habits directly affect our life on a daily basis and it has an important role throughout our whole life. Not having the right amount of sleep every night can affect our mental and physical health. Having a better knowledge about what causes sleep problemsRead MoreThe Sleep Quality Of College Students Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesSUMMARY The research was done to measure the sleep quality of college students and compare these results to other studies. The primary and secondary research were conducted. Three peer-reviewed journal articles were used to conduct secondary research. Seven students at Sacramento City College were surveyed for the primary research. An analysis of both primary and secondary research found similar results. An analysis found that students did not get enough sleep. Most of respondents (71.4%) getting lessRead MoreSleep Is An Elusive Dream For Students752 Words   |  4 Pages Sleep is a necessity for people to lead a productive day, as well as to stave off stress, illness, and recuperate from a hectic day.   Sleep has many benefits, but countless people do not always get the necessary amount of rest that is required to rejuvenate their bodies.   This is often the case for those in college. College life, with all the homework, studying, and pressure, sometimes getting a full night’s sleep is nothing but an elusive dream for students.   Although students may feel they areRead MoreCollege Students Minds Are Getting Enough Sleep1618 Words   |  7 Pagesthing on many college students’ minds is getting enough sleep. Many college students may not think sleep is an integral part of life, when in fact many researchers have found how truly important it is. College is a time when students are transitioning into young adulthood, with increasing amounts of personal responsibility (Brown, Soper, Buboltz , 2001). This increase in responsibility, that at one point didn’t exist because of familial support, can lead to an interference in student sleep patternsRead MoreA Report On The Message Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesIt is twelve o clock at night, Stephanie just finished all of her homework and took a relaxing shower. Now, she was comfortably lying on her bed and ready to fall into sleep. Suddenly, she felt there was something very important and urgent that she forgot to do before she fall into sleep. Yes! She needed to reply her best friend Joanna s text message because she was doing her homework earlier. Then she picked up her phone next to her pillow and started to text. After she answered Joanna’s questionsRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1125 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Sleep deprivation in college students General purpose: Inform classmates of the importance of sleep  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Specific Purpose: State the consequences of not getting enough sleep Thesis Statement: When the projects, exams, and extra-curricular activities start to pile up on one another it seems as though there is not enough time in the day.   This is when college students tend to lose precious hours of sleep and the consequences can be costly. Organizational Pattern: topical       I. IntroductionRead MoreEffects Of Sleep On College Students1481 Words   |  6 Pages All- Nighter in College: Consequences of a decline sleep in College Students Everyone knows a movie, where college students are out all night and they are not in their room sleeping. That one movie, where the students come back late and realize they have class at seven in the morning. There are several reasons why students are not getting the recommended hours of sleep; some examples are being out all night, studying the whole night, and being unable to sleep at night. Sleep is essential to live

Global Warming Not a Big Deal - 529 Words

For the past decade or so, global warming has been a topic of debate for people to determine whether it exists or not. I personally believe global warming is a natural occurrence, and the world is going through it’s course as a planet. However, many scientists, researchers, and environmentalists are showing concerns in the fact it does exist. But, there are still few people who disagree global warming is not occurring. I will discuss why I think global warming does not exist, human involvement, and costs and benefits of the topic. Global warming is not as big as a threat as claimed. There is a substantial amount of evidence proving that temperatures have fluctuated for thousands of years. Surface temperature recordings show a warming period from about 1910 to 1940, followed by a cooling period until 1975, and now we are experiencing a slight warming trend, again. In the seventies, scientists even claimed global cooling was occurring! Although there has been an increase in 1 de gree celsius, that is enough to make a difference but not enough to call it global warming. In the past 2 years, arctic ice has also increased by 50%. According to townhall.com, some people have predicted all of the arctic ice would have melted by now. There is an obvious question to all of this, how can we be experiencing global warming where there is in fact, no global warming? Alternative ideas of evidence is that carbon dioxide (which people aim global warming almost entirely at) has almost noShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Risk Perception Paper1324 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will summarize two articles that deal with the subject. This paper will also compare and contrast the risk factors in both articles while identifying the stressors that are related to the environmental risks. To sum up the two articles, one of the most interesting takes on this subject was that of global warming. There are many things that have been accredited to global warming. Many may wonder what exactly is global warming. Global warming is simply when too much carbon dioxide isRead MoreGlobal Warming Debate Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pages In the controversy over whether Global Warming there is two sides in which people can choose either human caused or just Mother Nature doing her thing. Most scientists will tell you that Global Warming is mostly the cause of humans. While there are some who will disagree and say that it is just nature doing what it has done for thousands of years. For most scientists the topic of global warming is one that is caused by us humans. They have many facts data to back this up. Some examples of theseRead MoreThe Warming And Global Warming1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warming World Around Us The world is warming and we cannot deny it, the longer we deny the larger the problem it will become. Global warming is affecting the world economy, the overall health of the population, and most importantly the environment that surrounds us. Ignoring this problem will not just make it suddenly disappear; the world has to make an effort to stop it while it can still be maintained. Accepting the fact that it is happening is just the first step, the next step is takingRead MoreThe Past Semester A Core Class I Took Was Politics Of Climate Change913 Words   |  4 Pagesher interest in STEM. She spoke about her first time hearing about climate change was in high school during biology class. Now she teaches the class. During her time as a bio major she heard about climate change. From studies she reviewed about global warming and climate change in college, she began to believe in it. This difference of how they both got to the same viewpoint through different ways interested me. We talk ed in class about how some media misconstrues climate change. I connected this toRead MoreEssay on Global Warming1389 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming First discovered at the turn of the century by the Swedish scientist Arrhenius, global warming was initially thought to only cause increased greenhouse gases from coal combustion emissions. It wasn’t until fifty years later that the real causes and effects of global warming would be discovered. A British scientist by the name of Calendar correlated the 10% increase of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide between 1850 and 1940 with the observed warming of northern Europe and North AmericaRead MorePollution And Warming Of The Ocean1649 Words   |  7 PagesPollution and Warming of the Ocean The ocean is a vast and mysterious part of our ocean. The ocean covers 71 % of our planet and contains over 50% of all life on earth .(â€Å"Oceanic Institute†). The oceans also holds the deepest part of our planet that we have yet to explore and discover. The ocean is such a vital part of our planet and we are destroying it with pollution and mistakes that we have made. Global warming is a huge issue that we have to deal with. The world is getting warmer. WhetherRead MoreClimate Change Is A Serious Problem For The Planet Earth975 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world worried about its effects. The rise of sea level, the melting of the glaciers on Antarctica due to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is threatening the life of people living in many different big cities around the world. Climate change is the cause of many natural disasters such as tsunamis, hurricanes, snowstorms and typhoons. In the fall of 2012 a very powerful hurricane Sandy swept the East coast of the United States, mainly the New YorkRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1206 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is a naturally occurring phenomenon within our planet that needs to be reduced because it is affecting us in many harmful ways. It is one of the most current and widely discussed factors. It has been impacting us negatively i n ways such as biodiversity and climate conditions. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of ice caps and significant worldwide climate changes. Over the years, scientists have conductedRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The United States1378 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is a topic that everyone is familiar with, but not everyone really understands how they can help to prevent it. Global warming is defined as the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of Earth’s climate system. Scientists have been studying global warming for over a century now, and most believe that greenhouse gasses are the cause and humans are the number one greenhouse gas contributor to our atmosphere. Greenhouse gasses however are produced by big industries, regulatingRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1444 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is an increase in the Earth’s average su rface temperature due to greenhouse gases that collect in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun’s heat and causing the planet to warm up. (â€Å"11 Facts About Global Warming†) Gases such as natural and manmade are trapped in the atmosphere causes the Earth’s surface become warmer. The world is affected by the dangers of global warming, and the major contributor to global warming among the greenhouse gases is CO2 emission. (Chiroma)

Emergency Department Bottleneck Proposal Free Essays

Emergency Department Bottleneck Proposal Middletown Hospital is a 200-bed, not-for-profit-general hospital that has an emergency department with 20 emergency beds. The emergency department handles on an average 100 patients per day. The hospital’s CEO has authorized the Six Sigma Team (SST) to address complaints received from patients seeking treatment between 6:00 p. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency Department Bottleneck Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now m. and 10:00 p. m. The complaints are centered on waiting times and poor service. During this time the data indicates that approximately 70% of the department’s admissions occur (University of Phoenix, 2009, Course Syllabus). To address these complaints and improve performance of the emergency department the Six Sigma Team must understand process improvement proposals. The process must identify the reason of the bottleneck; identify the correct data collection method; the use of capacity planning; accurate analysis of the scheduling and controlling techniques; and identify a recommendation on staffing or alternative sources of care. Process Improvement Proposals A process improvement proposal is a mechanism to define the opportunities needed to reduce the number of steps, interactions, decision points, reports, and the length of the defined practice (Langabeer, 2008). Three key areas need to be addressed when improving a current practice. According to Langabeer (2008), these areas include increasing capacity, reducing the use of resources, and reducing the amount of variation (p. 79). For example, if the emergency department is currently seeing patients at a rate of four per hour during normal business hours, and this rate drops to one per hour during the period listed a bottleneck will result. To address this issue the department needs to provide the resources necessary to avoid the problem. However, when the reason for the bottleneck is known the correction must include steps to preserve resources. These steps must address reducing the cost per patient, removing excessive steps, and exposures that are unnecessary. Because the data shows the bottleneck occurring after normal business hours the third key area is equally important for successful performance. This area involves the development of control tools. These tools will assist the department when variation occurs, these tools can include the development of contingency plans to use other hospital resources available after normal business hours; for example the use of clinical examination rooms for patient overflow. Process of Improvement Method Edward Deming introduces a method known as the Deming Cycle to identify bottlenecks within organizational structures. The Deming Cycle comprised of a continuous process cycle that involve planning, implementation, assessment and decision-making. Deming postulated that â€Å"business processes should be analyzed and measured to identify sources of variations that cause products to deviate from customer requirement† (Arveson, 1998, para 1). Each step gives operation managers the feedback needed to determine if they are meeting current objectives. Arveson also suggest that this checklist will help reduce bottlenecks from happening while increasing productivity within every department. Comparing the Middleton Hospital use of Six Sigma methodology to Deming Cycle both methods can help reduce bottlenecks issues with waiting time that occurs during interval time of 6:00 p. . to 10:00 p. m. Six Sigma methodology uses phases of defining a problem and provide an alternative solution to the problem. The next phase includes measuring the solution’s outcomes, analyzing the outcomes’ goals and effectiveness, improving any flaws that was identified in the improvement process, and controlling any costs or activities to contain cost and resource deficiency (National Association of Health Care Quality, 2009). The Six Sigma system addresses each problem measuring a quantitative solution to be addressed by upper management and delivered to department heads for implementation. Appropriate Collection Methods Middletown Hospital needs to look at different ways of collecting data. Data collection can be subdivided into three categories with service type, department, and floor. This collection of data is valuable tool that managers need to have in order to understand the flow of business within each department. With the collection of data it will allow managers to calculate the volumes of patients during specific times. The SST will require data collected from all computers used to monitor access to the admission system. Additional data will have specific times at which the patient reported to various stations of treatment, and when the patient was discharged. A multivariate trend forecasting method will be more appropriate in this setting; the use of multiple variables about the item being forecasted allows seasons and cycles to be combined with other variables and improve forecast accuracy (Langabeer, 2008). This will give operation managers better forecasting abilities as they will be able to see trends. Finally, the SST will need to analyze the amount of resources or assets available to serve demand (Langabeer, 2008). Quantitative data needed to measure capacity will include: the number of available beds and treatment rooms, the number of key providers and other staff available at each point of care between 6:00 p. m. and 10:00 p. m. , and availability of key medical technologies and equipment. Examples of key medical equipment are diagnostic imaging, X-ray and laboratory equipment. Methods to Analyze The first step in analyzing the cause of Middletown Hospital’s emergency department bottleneck is to perform a capacity analysis that will help to identify appropriate assets and resources to serve the increased need within each emergency department. The analysis should capture statistical data in time series format that will show sequential data recorded during different time periods throughout the day. Data should be included from time periods when the emergency room is successful in handling demand as well as occurrences of the bottleneck. Creation of a control chart can also be useful in discovering areas of daily operations that are contributing to the current issue of meeting demand. Middletown Hospital is aware that they can not keep up with the demand placed upon each department with current needs. In knowing the limitations, data from the other 20 hours in which emergency department is in operation can be used to obtain values for a mean and average to be used to create a control limit. Taking data from the entire day can be used to obtain a standard deviation value as well. Data and observations that show a large deviation from the mean will alert the staff to areas that need to be updated or streamlined. The control data that is being recorded should be able to define staff ratios, numbers of patients seen, time of day, day of the week, equipment or technology malfunctions, ime of patient visit, reason, and duration. A control chart can help Middletown Hospital distinguish normal and abnormal processes within their patient delivery service. Bottlenecks Operation managers need to handle many different jobs at once. These jobs can be dealing with bottlenecks, and forecasting. Operation managers need to look at current flow of business to determine the proper amount of staffing needed to handle problems in the future. By working with an accurate forecast managers are able to see what is expected and when the flow of business will occur. When increasing staffing in any department the profitability will decrease at start, but soon will rebound as more patients realize they are receiving treatment at a faster pace. According to Langabeer (2008), one of the keys to increase throughput or capacity is to remove these obstacles or bottlenecks, which is called de-bottlenecking (p. 96). Increasing the number of staff on during peak times it will be easy to reduce the number of complaints and increase the profitability of every department. Being able to remove the barriers will allow managers to see the results within days instead of weeks. Within any department comes demand and being able to predict the demand allows managers to become better forecasters. According to Langabeer (2008), â€Å"forecasting is a collaborative process that estimates the volume of patients that will be served over a specific time period. More precisely, it is a projection of demand that will occur along three dimensions: service type, location, and time dimensions† (p. 97-98). Managers will have to better look at the forecasting they are doing in order to make sure they are using the most current data in order to predict flow and handle problems. Recommendation on Staffing Middletown hospital’s ability to move patients smoothly through the emergency department has become a conversation of complaint for patients. Due to the high volume of patients being seen during the hours of 6:00 p. m. and 10:00 p. m. changes need to be made to optimize waiting times and efficiently treat patients. The emergency department is averaging 100 patients per day which, means that 70 of them are coming through the emergency department between 6:00 p. m. and 9:00 p. m. According to Langabeer (2008), in health care, wait times are frequently a source of poor patient satisfaction and process inefficiency (p. 10). The hospital emergency department is currently plagued with a lack of staff scheduled at key times and needs to look at alternatives to better manage the movement of patients. Creating a solution for Middletown hospital means using multiple channel servers to reduce check in time and maximize on hand staff’s time management. Because a majority of the iss ues arise at a key time in the day the revision of the patient routing and flow is required. According to Hall (2006), therefore, by altering patient routing and flow, it may be possible to minimize patient waiting times and increase staff utilization (p. 221). Bottlenecks occur in a hospital emergency department because of the triage concept of putting most significant injuries first. This means many minor care issues will be pushed back. Combating this issue creating a fast track lane to handle minor care issues will decrease patient complaints and wait time. These concepts should reduce the wait time of patients within this three hour block and maximize their experience in the emergency department at Middletown hospital. Conclusion Bottleneck is often the result of an organization lacking the capacity to meet the needs of clients in delivering a particular service. Middletown hospital was given a recommendation to review its current organization capacity by examining their processes, resources, technology. Middletown hospital was able to define other available resources which could be used to assist with meeting their patient demand. Reference Arveson, P. (1998). The Deming Cycle. Retrieved November 27, 2009, from http://www. balancedscorecard. org/TheDemingCycle/tabid/112/Default. aspx Hall, R. (2006). Patient flow: reducing delay in healthcare delivery. Los Angeles, CA: Springer Science Business Media, LLC. Langabeer, J. (2008). Health care operations management: A quantitative approach to business and logistics [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text]. Sudbury,MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from University of Phoenix, OPS/HC571 Health Care Operations Management Web site. National Association of Healthcare Quality. (2009). JHQ 174: Lean Six Sigma in health care. Retrieved November 27, 2009, from http://www. nahq. org/journal/ce/article. html? article_id=250 University of Phoenix. (2009). OPS/HC571 course syllabus. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from University of Phoenix OPS/HC571- Course Materials Web site. How to cite Emergency Department Bottleneck Proposal, Papers

Spinoza Essay Research Paper This paper will free essay sample

Spinoza Essay, Research Paper This paper will sketch Spinoza s statement in Part 1 of his Ethical motives of substance. He argues that there is merely one substance, which is the same as God, that includes everything in the existence. It will walk through each proposition and explicate his cogent evidence of it, which relies of his declared definitions. This paper will besides explicate the difference between Spinoza s belief of substance and that of Leibniz from his Discourse on Metaphysics. It will so reason that Leibniz s history of the figure of substances superior. Spinoza s first proposition is that substance is by nature prior to its fondnesss ( Cahn p.417 ) . This proposition relies on his definition of a substance which is self created. The fondnesss of the substance, harmonizing to his definition, are things that are created by something else. Since the substance is self-created, the substance must hold created the fondnesss from itself. Therefore, the substance is prior to its fondnesss since the substance has to be in being to make its fondnesss. Proposition 2, two substances holding different properties have nil in common ( Cahn p.417 ) , besides relies on the definition that a substance is self-created. If one property of a substance is created from that substance, it belongs merely to that substance. Therefore, two different substances holding the same property are non different, but the same substance. If two substances are genuinely different, they have none of the same properties. If all the properties of the two substances are wholly different, they have nil in common. One thing, which is wholly different from the other, can non hold caused the other. This is true because something created must hold some cognition of its Godhead, as stated in Spinoza s axiom 4. Since the two different things have nil in common, which includes no cognition of the other, one can non hold created the other. Spinoza states this in proposition 3. When things have nil in common, one can non be the cause of the other ( Cahn p. 417 ) . He besi des reaffirms this in proposition 4 by saying that things are different by the fact of differences in their properties or fondnesss. This fact is seen easy by looking at the proofs beforehand of propositions 1,2, and 3. Proposition 5 and 6 restate earlier propositions in footings of substances, as opposed to things. Proposition 5 provinces: In the existence at that place can non be two or more substances of the same nature or property ( Cahn p.417 ) . Since two substances are distinguished by a difference in their properties or fondnesss ( proposition 4 ) , the substances would non be different from one another if the had the same property. The two substances would be the same. Proposition 6 provinces that One substance can non be produced by another substance ( Cahn p.417 ) . If a substance were to make another one, they would hold something in common such as an property. However, there can non be two substances with the same property ( proposition 5 ) , they must hold different properties and, hence, be different. If the substances are different, they have nil in common ( proposition 2 ) , and substances with nil in common on could non hold caused the other ( proposition3 ) . One substance can non make another. Spinoza has proved all this about a substance, but has non proved that substance exists. In proposition 7 he does: Existence belongs to the nature of substance ( Cahn p. 418 ) . He states that since substance is self-caused, being is needfully involved in it kernel, intending that being is portion of its nature. Now that substance exists, Spinoza proves it is infinite. He says that if substance were finite, it would be limited by another substance with the same property of being. But no two substances can hold the same property ( proposition 5 ) . Therefore, substance is infinite. Since Spinoza has proved that there is a alone, infinite substance that exists, he now goes on to turn out that the substance is God, merely one of which exists. He must first include some propositions, which will be used subsequently to assist turn out this point. He begins by turn outing that the more existent something is, the more properties it has ( proposition 9 ) . He feels that this proposition is apparent in the definition of an property: that which the mind perceives of substance as representing its being ( Cahn p.416 ) . The more world that is associated with the kernel of a substance the more properties it has because an property is what the mind perceives the kernel of the substance to be. The substance itself must gestate each of these properties ( proposition 10 ) . Harmonizing to definition 3, gestating a substance does non necessitate the construct of something else with which to organize the substance. Besides, gestating something is based on its kernel. Therefore, attributes used to gestate a substance must be conceived through itself. Now Spinoza proves that God exists in proposition 11: God, or substance consisting of infinite properties, each of which expresses ageless and infinite kernel, needfully exists ( Cahn p.419 ) . He easy proves this utilizing axiom 7: if a thing can be conceived as non bing, its kernel does non affect being ( Cahn p.416 ) . He says it is absurd to gestate God as nonexistent since being belongs to the nature of God, or substance ( proposition 7 ) . He besides says that there is no substance that can turn out that God does non be since two different substances have nil in common ( proposition 2 ) . Therefore, God exists. Now that Spinoza has proved that the infinite substance of God exists, he proves that substance can non be divided in proposition 12. He that if it were divided, each portion would be infinite, self-caused, and would hold to hold different properties, doing several different substances to be caused from the one substance which is impossible because no substance can be caused from another ( proposition 6 ) . Proposition affirms that an perfectly infinite substance is indivisible ( Cahn p.421 ) . It is impossible to split an perfectly infinite substance because several substances would be with the same properties, which is impossible harmonizing to proposition 5. Spinoza now proves proposition 14 ; that no other substance other than God exists. Since God is an perfectly infinite being, any other existing substance would hold to exhibit an property of God. This is impossible because no two substances can be with the same property ( proposition 5 ) . Being is an property of God ; hence no other substance can be. Leibniz s place on substance differs form that of Spinoza in the figure of substances. Leibniz does non believe in one substance, but in many substances, or as he calls them monads. He believes that everything is made up of monads with their ain properties. These monads are in harmoniousness throughout the existence, neer coming in contact. He believes that anything thing that consists of monads with the same properties are non different, but the same, similar to the belief of Spinoza. The lone difference is the figure of substances. Leibniz s history of the figure of substances is superior. The many monads, each with its ain properties, allows for the many different things in the existence to be. Since everything does non hold all the same monads, they can be different. A Canis familiaris and a stone are evidently non the same. They are non the same because they are composed of monads with different properties. If they did consist of the same monads, they would be the same, and they evidently are non. Harmonizing to Spinoza, God is the lone substance. Everything we know is portion of God. God includes all properties. If I am portion of God, I contain all properties. However, I do non incorporate all properties. There are many that I do non include such and eternity. I am evidently non infinite. Leibniz s history of the figure of substances allows me to be, non incorporating every property. Bibliography Cahn, Stephen M. , ed. , Classics of Western Philosophy ( Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 1999 ) 416-421. This paper will sketch Spinoza s statement in Part 1 of his Ethical motives of substance. He argues that there is merely one substance, which is the same as God, that includes everything in the existence. It will walk through each proposition and explicate his cogent evidence of it, which relies of his declared definitions. This paper will besides explicate the difference between Spinoza s belief of substance and that of Leibniz from his Discourse on Metaphysics. It will so reason that Leibniz s history of the figure of substances superior. Spinoza s first proposition is that substance is by nature prior to its fondnesss ( Cahn p.417 ) . This proposition relies on his definition of a substance which is self created. The fondnesss of the substance, harmonizing to his definition, are things that are created by something else. Since the substance is self-created, the substance must hold created the fondnesss from itself. Therefore, the substance is prior to its fondnesss since the substance has to be in being to make its fondnesss. Proposition 2, two substances holding different properties have nil in common ( Cahn p.417 ) , besides relies on the definition that a substance is self-created. If one property of a substance is created from that substance, it belongs merely to that substance. Therefore, two different substances holding the same property are non different, but the same substance. If two substances are genuinely different, they have none of the same properties. If all the properties of the two substances are wholly different, they have nil in common. One thing, which is wholly different from the other, can non hold caused the other. This is true because something created must hold some cognition of its Godhead, as stated in Spinoza s axiom 4. Since the two different things have nil in common, which includes no cognition of the other, one can non hold created the other. Spinoza states this in proposition 3. When things have nil in common, one can non be the cause of the other ( Cahn p. 417 ) . He besi des reaffirms this in proposition 4 by saying that things are different by the fact of differences in their properties or fondnesss. This fact is seen easy by looking at the proofs beforehand of propositions 1,2, and 3. Proposition 5 and 6 restate earlier propositions in footings of substances, as opposed to things. Proposition 5 provinces: In the existence at that place can non be two or more substances of the same nature or property ( Cahn p.417 ) . Since two substances are distinguished by a difference in their properties or fondnesss ( proposition 4 ) , the substances would non be different from one another if the had the same property. The two substances would be the same. Proposition 6 provinces that One substance can non be produced by another substance ( Cahn p.417 ) . If a substance were to make another one, they would hold something in common such as an property. However, there can non be two substances with the same property ( proposition 5 ) , they must hold different properties and, hence, be different. If the substances are different, they have nil in common ( proposition 2 ) , and substances with nil in common on could non hold caused the other ( proposition3 ) . One substance can non make another. Spinoza has proved all this about a substance, but has non proved that substance exists. In proposition 7 he does: Existence belongs to the nature of substance ( Cahn p. 418 ) . He states that since substance is self-caused, being is needfully involved in it kernel, intending that being is portion of its nature. Now that substance exists, Spinoza proves it is infinite. He says that if substance were finite, it would be limited by another substance with the same property of being. But no two substances can hold the same property ( proposition 5 ) . Therefore, substance is infinite. Since Spinoza has proved that there is a alone, infinite substance that exists, he now goes on to turn out that the substance is God, merely one of which exists. He must first include some propositions, which will be used subsequently to assist turn out this point. He begins by turn outing that the more existent something is, the more properties it has ( proposition 9 ) . He feels that this proposition is apparent in the definition of an property: that which the mind perceives of substance as representing its being ( Cahn p.416 ) . The more world that is associated with the kernel of a substance the more properties it has because an property is what the mind perceives the kernel of the substance to be. The substance itself must gestate each of these properties ( proposition 10 ) . Harmonizing to definition 3, gestating a substance does non necessitate the construct of something else with which to organize the substance. Besides, gestating something is based on its kernel. Therefore, attributes used to gestate a substance must be conceived through itself. Now Spinoza proves that God exists in proposition 11: God, or substance consisting of infinite properties, each of which expresses ageless and infinite kernel, needfully exists ( Cahn p.419 ) . He easy proves this utilizing axiom 7: if a thing can be conceived as non bing, its kernel does non affect being ( Cahn p.416 ) . He says it is absurd to gestate God as nonexistent since being belongs to the nature of God, or substance ( proposition 7 ) . He besides says that there is no substance that can turn out that God does non be since two different substances have nil in common ( proposition 2 ) . Therefore, God exists. Now that Spinoza has proved that the infinite substance of God exists, he proves that substance can non be divided in proposition 12. He that if it were divided, each portion would be infinite, self-caused, and would hold to hold different properties, doing several different substances to be caused from the one substance which is impossible because no substance can be caused from another ( proposition 6 ) . Proposition affirms that an perfectly infinite substance is indivisible ( Cahn p.421 ) . It is impossible to split an perfectly infinite substance because several substances would be with the same properties, which is impossible harmonizing to proposition 5. Spinoza now proves proposition 14 ; that no other substance other than God exists. Since God is an perfectly infinite being, any other existing substance would hold to exhibit an property of God. This is impossible because no two substances can be with the same property ( proposition 5 ) . Being is an property of God ; hence no other substance can be. Leibniz s place on substance differs form that of Spinoza in the figure of substances. Leibniz does non believe in one substance, but in many substances, or as he calls them monads. He believes that everything is made up of monads with their ain properties. These monads are in harmoniousness throughout the existence, neer coming in contact. He believes that anything thing that consists of monads with the same properties are non different, but the same, similar to the belief of Spinoza. The lone difference is the figure of substances. Leibniz s history of the figure of substances is superior. The many monads, each with its ain properties, allows for the many different things in the existence to be. Since everything does non hold all the same monads, they can be different. A Canis familiaris and a stone are evidently non the same. They are non the same because they are composed of monads with different properties. If they did consist of the same monads, they would be the same, and they evidently are non. Harmonizing to Spinoza, God is the lone substance. Everything we know is portion of God. God includes all properties. If I am portion of God, I contain all properties. However, I do non incorporate all properties. There are many that I do non include such and eternity. I am evidently non infinite. Leibniz s history of the figure of substances allows me to be, non incorporating every property. Bibliography Cahn, Stephen M. , ed. , Classics of Western Philosophy ( Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 1999 ) 416-421.

Womens Novels free essay sample

Compares novels portrayals of women, Canadian culture, characterizations, world views, settings. The Handmaids Tale ( Margaret Atwood ) Maria Chapdelaine ( Louis Hemon ) There is a wide gulf separating the French-Canadian work Maria Chapdelaine by Louis Hmon and The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood, but there are also certain characteristics linking the two works as expressions of a certain worldview, especially toward the role of women in society. Hmon writes a realistic account of rural life among French Canadians in the early part of this century, while Atwood offers a speculative dramatization of a dystopian society such as might develop in the future if certain trends she perceives in contemporary society continue. One thing that links the two works is a certain view of women and their ability to transcend the roles given them by society, though Atwood is quite self-conscious in presenting this theme while Hmon merely demonstrates an attitude toward women without making it a central or overt issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Womens Novels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The differences have

Difficult childrens influence on married life Essays

Difficult childrens influence on married life Essays Difficult childrens influence on married life Essay Difficult childrens influence on married life Essay Some of the disablements kids may be diagnosed with are autism spectrum upsets, sightlessness or ocular damages, hearing loss, hearing damages, and deaf-blindness, developmental disablements, larning disablements, mental Illness, and a scope of other disablements. While any kind of disablement can be lay waste toing to a twosome, depending on what type of disablement All of which impact households in a assortment of ways and have different socio-cultural significance to the twosome. For many old ages, scientists have explored how parental struggles and other matrimonial jobs can impact the wellbeing of kids. Far less attending has been paid to the opposite inquiry: How do kids, particularly hard kids, influence the quality of married life? Couples face many challenges in today s society. Pressures to suit into the prefect cast of the happy household are plastered every where we look. Romantic comedies show existent twosomes traveling through break-ups and makeups looking comparatively cursed and believe it or non their job was a misinterpretation. Who knew? However, the twosomes I will be turn toing in this paper do non suit into the perfect cast Couples who have a kid with attending shortage hyperactivity upset are about twice every bit likely to disassociate or divide as twosomes who do non hold kids with the psychiatric upset, harmonizing to a unequivocal new survey that is the first to explicitly research the inquiry. The ground appears simple: Having a kid who is inattentive or overactive can be highly nerve-racking for health professionals and can worsen struggles, tensenesss, and statements between parents. The research subject is sensitive because it can be easy misinterpreted to intend that scientists are faulting childs for the matrimonial sufferings of their parents ; that may be one ground research workers have by and large avoided the subject and limited their probes to how parental struggles affect kids. But progressively, the grounds suggests that the lines of influence run in both waies. The survey, led by psychologists Brian Wymbs and William Pelham and published last twelvemonth in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, longitudinally tracked a big figure of households with and without kids diagnosed with ADHD, a upset characterized by inattention and hyperactivity and frequently accompanied by behavior jobs and oppositional behaviour. While 12.6 per centum of the parents of kids without ADHD were divorced by the clip the kids were 8 old ages old, the figure was 22.7 per centum for parents of childs with ADHD. Couples with ADHD childs besides tended to make the point of divorce or separation faster. We have known for a long clip that childs can be nerve-racking for their parents. What we show is they can be truly nerve-racking and can take to matrimonial dissatisfaction and divorce, said Pelham, who works at the State University of New York at Buffalo. What it means is ADHD should non be treated without affecting the parents in the intervention. Pelham said his involvement in the subject was piqued after he conducted a survey that looked into how kids s behaviour influenced the leaning of their parents to devour intoxicant. Pelham had a big figure of parents interact with kids who were non their ain. Some of the childs were trained to move hand in glove, while others were trained to move as though they had ADHD. The parents were given a interruption midway through the session, when they could devour intoxicant, and so sent back in for a 2nd period with the same kid. The parents thought the experiment was mensurating how parent-child interactions changed depending on intoxicant usage ; in world, Pelham wanted to cognize how covering with easy and hard kids influenced the leaning of health professionals to imbibe. The psychologist found that parents indiscriminately assigned to interact with the hard kids drank a humongous 40 per centum more intoxicant during the interruption than parents who were assigned manageable childs. Several old surveies have hinted at connexions between matrimonial wellness and kids s behaviour. Parents of kids with ADHD study less matrimonial satisfaction, fight more frequently, and utilize fewer positive and more negative verbalisations during child-rearing treatments than do parents of kids without ADHD particularly if the kid besides has behavior or oppositional jobs, Pelham and Wymbs noted in their paper. Many other factors influence whether twosomes stay together. Communication jobs, substance maltreatment, fiscal troubles and mental wellness jobs among spouses all play a function in the wellness of intimate relationships. The difference between those other factors and the function that kids play is that the other factors have been widely documented and discussed. Wymbs said that in a separate survey, he brought parents with and without ADHD childs into a research lab. As earlier, he assigned them to interact with kids who were non their ain ; some had been trained to move hand in glove, and others had been trained to move hard. ( The hard childs in the survey were nowhere every bit hard as many childs with ADHD in existent life ; ethical guidelines forbade research workers from developing child histrions to hit or shout. ) Wymbs had the parents and childs perform four exercisings: The first involved playing the game Jenga, which requires strategic thought and planning. Childs trained to be helpful worked hand in glove with the parents ; the childs trained to move hard undermined the parents at every bend. A 2nd exercising called for parents to supervise the childs work outing math jobs while they themselves had to make full out a chequebook, the sort of parallel processing that induces emphasis. The easy childs attended to their prep ; the hard childs refused to make their prep, scrabbling on their documents or wipe outing their replies and blowing the shaves on the parents. In the 3rd undertaking, the childs directed drama. The kid histrions ever chose to play mini-bowling and mini-basketball. The concerted kids took bends and helped put up the games, and the hard kids played out of bend and were riotous. The 4th undertaking involved killing where, as you might conceive of, the kids were trained to be either helpful or unhelpful. Wymbs videotaped the interactions. What he was on the sentinel for was non how the parents interacted with the kids, but how the kids s behaviour affected the manner the parents worked with each other. Regardless of whether they had kids with ADHD, Wymbs found, the parents asked to work with hard kids were four times every bit likely to interchange negative unfavorable judgment and inquiries, or to disregard each other and trade gestural shot, than the parents in the other group. And regardless of whether they were covering with easy or hard kids, parents who had ADHD kids at place were three times every bit likely to be negative toward each other as parents who did non. Put another manner, the parents of kids with ADHD merely had less ability to react to challenges with composure ; they appeared to be psychologically worn thin. Pelham said that although medicines are effectual in turn toing ADHD symptoms, they frequently prove unhelpful when it comes to parent-child interactions because ADHD drugs are stimulations, normally given to the childs in the forenoon before they head to school. The medicine is have oning off by the clip childs get place and have most of their interactions with their parents. It is nt advisable to give kids more medicine because it would maintain them up at dark. Several research workers said parents need to develop behavioural techniques to better get bying accomplishments. When you sit back, you can express joy at it, but in the minute it is phenomenally nerve-racking for the household, said Charlotte Johnston, a psychological science professor at the University of British Columbia, mentioning to the day-to-day challenges that parents of childs with ADHD face. Often the parents have different tolerances for fits. One wants to stand house, but the other is willing to give in. Now the parents are set up to contend, [ stating, ] You Lashkar-e-Taiba him make that? or You are excessively rigorous with him! Johnston teaches parents to acquire on the same page and follow three regulations: The first is to pare down their outlooks and to concentrate on merely one or two job behaviours in their ADHD kid. The 2nd regulation is the familiar parental technique of honoring all positive behaviour and detering negative behaviour, frequently by disregarding it. The 3rd regulation is to systematically lodge with the technique long plenty to see it work. Other experts said it is besides of import to learn parents to take clip to featherbed themselves and put themselves back together psychologically. Many parents do non take attention of themselves. We encourage them to make that even though they may experience they have no clip because of all their committednesss to their households, said Andrea Chronis-Tuscano, a psychologist who directs the University of Maryland s ADHD Program. One of our mantras is, If you do nt take attention of yourself, you ca nt make your best as a parent. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/02/AR2009030201787.html? hpid=smartliving About 60 old ages ago, I used to watch Roy Rogers and Dale Evans on Television. When I was six, Roy and Dale were the sort of heroes that I needed. I was still larning about the universe, and their show made it easy to state the good cats from the bad 1s. What I did nt cognize back so was that Roy and Dale were besides parents of a badly disabled kid. Their Daughter Robin had Down syndrome with tonss of complications. She merely lived a twosome of old ages, but Roy and Dale loved her and did everything they could to maintain her alive every bit long as they could. Dale was one of the first parents to talk out about being the female parent of a kid with a terrible developmental disablement, in a clip when most parents hid such kids. Roy joined her in stating people that Robin had been a fantastic approval for their household. They were heroes in more ways than one dorsum so, and merely like on their show, it was easy to state who the good cat s were.A Today, life is a batch more complicated. We have new heroes. In a few yearss, Robert Latimer s slaying strong belief comes before the Supreme Court of Canada. Repeatedly we are told that he was a hero for killing his ain kid, for saving her from a life of wretchedness. Peoples tell me that he must hold been compassionate, rational, and brave. Media experts tell me that he must hold loved his girl a batch to make what he did. I guess it s a new millenary and we have different sorts of heroes now.A There is surely no deficit of them. Michael Gentry will be sentenced for nonvoluntary manslaughter of his 15-year-old badly disabled girl in Los Angeles on July 6th. Possibly this excessively was an act of love. Oto Orlik stabbed his 14-year-old badly handicapped daughter more than 30 times before she died in Wisconsin in 1998. How many male parents could be that rational or feel for? Eight-year-old Justin Blair, who was blind and had intellectual paralysis was beaten to decease with a cock by his male parent in New Hampshire.A I can non conceive of the sort of bravery that would necessitate. There are 110 male parents, step-fathers, Foster male parents, and adoptive male parents who are implicated in the homicides of their developmentally disabled kids in our current homicide database at the University of Alberta. These heroes shot, scalded, stabbed, poisoned, electrocuted, starved, round, drowned, hanged, smothered, round and gassed their handicapped kids to death.A One male parent who was enraged because the infirmary would non give his kid the attention that he felt was required, threw the kid out of a 12th narrative window.A Merely a few instances get much attending from the media. Often the sentences are light. In 1984, Louise Brown s male parent killed her and so claimed that his auto had been stolen with her in it. The justice sentenced him to merely five old ages for killing his girl who had Down syndrome because he thought that her male parent might hold been traumatized by holding a handicapped kid. After all, he was no menace to society and a theoretical account citizen, merely another heroic male parent overcome with heartache, who spared his handicapped girl and his beloved household a life of impossible agony. The English tribunals were less forgiving when he came back before them in 1997.A They sentenced him to life for killing his brother by knifing him 63 times.A Dick SobseyA June, 2000 And it is nt merely parents of kids who have ADHD who appear to be more at hazard for divorce.A There are statistics being thrown out at that place for parents of kids who are on the autism spectrum as well.A It seems most people in the autism community are hearing these stats that up to 80 % of parents who have a kid on the spectrum will acquire a divorce.A Yet the beginning of this peculiar statistic is hard to happen as mentioned by Kristina Chew who writes a web log called Autism Vox. A So what is a parent to do of all this? A They are stating us that holding a kid who has particular demands can do emphasis for us parents.A Like Duh.A Tell us something we do nt already know.A Possibly what needs to be discussed are ways of get bying with the emphasis of rearing a kid who requires so much of our clip due to disputing demands and behaviours. A How can parents of particular demands kids trade with this emphasis and come together alternatively of interrupting apart? A A It is my sentiment that one needs to first understand that each parent may manage the challenge of raising a kid who has exceeding demands in really different ways.A I recall a conversation I had with a friend once.A She had a boy who was about my boy s age and this kid besides had autism.A My friend wanted me to talk to her hubby to seek to assist him.A She told me that he merely was nt acquiring it and would non open up about discoursing their son.A I was loath to come in such a state of affairs and asked her what I could perchance do.A She wanted me to give books to her hubby about autism.A I told her that this was something I could decidedly do.A But so she added that the books had to all be positive as he did nt desire to hear anything bad.A In seeking through my books I had a really difficult clip happening any book which depicted autism without adverting any of the challenges or hardships.A When I told my friend of my quandary she told me non to trouble oneself because she d id nt believe he would read anything on the subject anyway.A Clearly they were both fighting in their ain manner. While my friend had already dealt with accepting that her boy had autism, her hubby had non yet reached that stage.A She was researching everything in sight about the subject but he merely wanted to avoid speaking about it because he did nt experience ready.A I ca nt state you how many parents I have talked to where one parent hits the land running by making dozenss of research and obtaining services and therapies and the other parent may still be in denial that their kid needs aid at all. A This difference in where parents are in the procedure of credence can do for some really nerve-racking times.A Both parties can experience entirely in covering with things.A A One parent can hold the position that their spouse is making excessively much, over reacting, or passing excessively much clip with their child.A And the other parent can experience resentful for making so much of the work, experience entirely in their concern, and experience unsupported by their partner.A It is an wholly excessively common scenario being played out in families where kids with particular demands reside. A Rearing a kid with particular demands is non easy on a good day.A And it is even more hard if parents are non on the same page every bit far as credence, outlooks, and programs for the hereafter. A Here are some conversation starting motors to assist bridge that possible spread between you and your spouse in working together to raise your kid: A A What does the disorder/disability/diagnosis of your kid mean to you? A For some parents the diagnosing is confounding and some parents will deny the being of challenges.A For others the diagnosing means worry over the loss of dreams they had for their kid. A One parent I know wondered if their kid who was on the autism spectrum would of all time make normal things like go to the prom, autumn in love, or travel to college.A A parent I know who has a kid with ADHD admirations if this diagnosing will forestall his boy from of all time keeping down a job.A These concerns, frights, and significances attributed to your kid s diagnosing needs to be discussed openly between parents. What is your doctrine of how to assist our kid? A One of the many dissensions which may originate is in the outlooks of any instruction, interventions or therapies.A Some parents strive to assist their kid to go as normal as possible and fit into the mainstream, while other parents veer more towards accepting their kid s restrictions and doing adaptations.A This subject needs to be addressed early on as these differences in outlooks can take to disagree quickly.A What are our restrictions of assisting our kid? A There are some parents who do non believe in any bounds to assisting their child.A They will pass any sum of money, any sum of clip, and will put in any therapy which they believe will assist their child.A I know parents who have spent all their money, have lost their occupations, their friendly relationships, clip with other kids, and some finally lose their partner because no bounds are set on what is done to assist their kid who has particular needs.A These restrictions need to be discussed and agreed upon by parents.A Compromise is critical here. How shall we learn or train our kid? A When you have a kid who has challenges and knows how to force your buttons it is really of import to hold a clear apprehension with your spouse of how to cover with your kid s behaviors.A Professionals can be of great aid here including instructors, healers, and persons trained in behavior direction strategies.A How shall we split up the undertakings needed to outdo aid and back up our kid? A It helps to diminish bitterness if jobs and undertakings related to your kid s attention are divided up.A It gets particularly complex when both parents are working and are pressed for time.A Yet this still needs to be discussed because if one parent feels excessively stressed because they feel that they are making all the work so this bitterness will come out within the relationship.A A It helps to play to the strengths of each parent.A My hubby is better at making physical activities with our boy and enjoys it so he takes him on long motorcycle drives on the weekends.A I like to make more custodies on activities and to learn so I do baking and humanistic disciplines and trades with our son.A When do we pass clip with each other? A Probably the figure one thing I can state you to diminish emphasis within your matrimony is to happen clip to be with each other without kids. A You might experience selfish or even guilty for disbursement clip off but I am stating you that it is necessary.A It is deserving every penny to engage a baby-sitter on a regular footing or happen some kind of reprieve so that you can acquire a break.A Join a gym, travel for a walk, have a repast together, anything which rejuvenates you both.A It ca nt be all about the childs or you will lose your relationship with your spouse.A Make the clip for yourselves and the whole household benefits as you will hold more energy and staying power for when you are with your child.A It does no good for anyone if you are wholly burned out and stressed out.A Remember the old proverb, If mamma ( or dad ) ai nt happy so cipher is happy. A How true that is! hypertext transfer protocol: //www.healthcentral.com/adhd/c/849319/63213/child-adhd-divorce

Schoolhouse Lane Estates - Development and Industry Maturation of Wine Term Paper

Schoolhouse Lane Estates - Development and Industry Maturation of Winery - Term Paper Example The demand eventually grew and so Jan decided to operate her own winery. Eventually, Jan became a proud winery owner as what she dreamed about. The business continued to operate and since then Jan was able to encounter expansion of her business at the local wine markets such as wholesalers, retailers, restaurants and caterers. Schoolhouse Lane’s products resulted in net growing revenues. Along with its growth comes the increase on expenses such as on sales and marketing and eventually the spiralling growth of inventories considering that red wines and red wine blends would need a long period of time for ageing in oak barrels. Eventually, Schoolhouse Lane Estates winery is a growing company and is considering rapid expansion as far as there is continued support for its products in the local markets. The case starts with the company history. There is substantial evidence presented about the winery and its evolution which was primarily dated back to Long Island’s Wine Industry in the 1970s. There are also substantial data on Schoolhouse Lane Estates in line with its income statements, balance sheets, and statement of cash flow from 1999 to 2003. The case also cited the information on recent development and industry maturation of winery, the wine production in the United States, the changing dynamics of the US wine market, the competition involved and specific courses of actions made by Jan in order to continue to operate and expand its business. It is clear that the level of analyses that must be involved in the case are combined Level 1 (Industry Issues) and Level 2 (Organization Issues) considering that the demand for wines decreases across California while selling high and eventually more acres of land were converted into fruit trees. This resulted in several wineries gone bankrupt. On the other hand, Jan planned to purchase a new acre of land for her winery  expansion yet considering the Industry’s current trend; it would be a problem on her part to look for sources of working capital as far as her financial options are concerned.